Postpartum depression is a mental and behavioural disorder that can occur during pregnancy or shortly after delivery and is characterized by significant depressive symptoms. It does not include delusions, hallucinations, or other psychotic symptoms. If the symptoms meet the diagnostic criteria for a specific mental disorder, that disorder should also be diagnosed. This designation should not be used to describe mild and transient depressive symptoms that do not meet the criteria for a depressive episode, which may occur after delivery (called postpartum blues). Effective treatments are available. 

Symptoms

• Feelings of sadness, despair or emptiness, loss of interest in usual activities Fatigue and lack of energy
• Difficulty concentrating and remembering
• Anxiety about the baby health
• Negative or overprotective feelings  about the baby
• Insomnia or excessive sleep, altered appetite, feelings of guilt or worthlessness
• Thoughts of death or suicide. 

Treatment

Treatment for postpartum depression may include therapy, medication, or both. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and interpersonal therapy (IPT) are often used to treat postpartum depression. Antidepressants such as fluoxetine and sertraline are also effective. It is important to talk to a doctor or mental health professional to get the appropriate treatment. 

Advice

• Do not be judgemental or be shocked or disappointed. 
• Postnatal depression is a common condition that can be treated effectively. 
• If you are not familiar with postnatal depression, you can ask a healthcare professional for more information. 
• Spending time with someone who is depressed and offering them encouragement and support can be helpful. 
• Keep in mind that postnatal depression is an illness that cannot be cured by simply “thinking positively” or “getting on with it.” If the person you are supporting talks about wanting to harm themselves or not wanting to live, it is important to seek urgent help. 
• Encourage the person to get treatment and offer to help with practical tasks such as caring for the baby, shopping, cooking, or doing housework. 
• If you are the partner of the person with postnatal depression, make sure to take care of yourself and seek support if needed. 
• It is also important to recognize that fathers can also experience depression after the birth of a baby, especially if the mother has postnatal depression. If you are a father and think you may have depression, it is important to seek help for the benefit of yourself and your family.