Dementia is a generic term that describes a loss of cognitive functions such as memory, thinking and reasoning. It can be caused by different conditions, including Alzheimer’s disease, vascular dementia and Lewy body dementia. Dementia is most commonly diagnosed in older people, but it can also occur in younger people.

Symptoms of dementia can include:

• Recent memory loss or difficulty learning new things
• Difficulty speaking or following a conversation
• Disorientation in space and time
• Loss of ability to plan or perform simple tasks
• Changes in behaviour and personality
• Loss of coordination and control of bladder and bowels

Treatment:

Currently, there is no treatment that can cure dementia or stop its progression. However, there are treatments that can help alleviate some of the symptoms and improve the quality of life for people with dementia. These treatments may include medication, psychosocial interventions and supportive care.

Advice:

• Offer your support and understanding to the person with dementia and their family
• Pay attention to the person’s safety by removing obstacles from their environment and putting safety measures in place if necessary
• Encourage the person to stay active and continue with their favourite activities as much as possible
• Make sure the person has a regular schedule for meals, medication and activities
• Communicate clearly and simply with the person and give them time to respond

Be patient and don’t get frustrated if the person has trouble remembering things or following a conversation.